Charles Darwin Father of Evolution Charles Robert Darwin was born on 12 February 1809 in England. His paternal grandfather was Erasmus Darwin, one of the leading intellectuals of 18th century England.

Darwin himself initially wanted to have a medical career and studied at Edinburgh University but later switched to divinity at Cambridge. In 1831, he joined a five year scientific expedition on the survey ship HMS Beagle.

At this time, most Europeans believed that the world was created by God in seven days as described in the bible. On his trip, Darwin read Lyell's 'Principles of Geology' which suggested that the fossils found in rocks were actually evidence of animals that had lived many thousands or millions of years ago. During his voyage Darwin started to notice some patters that reinforced Lyell's argument. The breakthrough in his ideas came in the Galapagos Islands, when he D noticed that each island supported its own form of species which were closely related to the other islands an main land but differed in important ways.

On his return to England in 1836,influenced by the ideas of Malthus, he proposed a theory of evolution occurring by the process of natural selection. The animals (or plants) best suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on the characteristics which helped them survive to their offspring. Gradually, the species changes over time. Darwin worked on his theory for 20 years. After learning that another naturalist, Alfred Russel Wallace, had developed similar ideas, the two made a joint announcement of their discovery in 1858. In 1859 Darwin published 'On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection'.

The book was extremely controversial, because the logical extension of Darwin's theory was that homo sapiens was simply another form of animal. It made it seem possible that even people might just have evolved - quite possibly from apes - and destroyed the prevailing orthodoxy on how the world was created. Darwin was vehemently attacked, particularly by the Church.